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Understanding, identifying and managing severe dissociative disorders in general psychiatric settings | BJPsych Advances | Cambridge Core

FIG 1 Primary structural dissociation, for example in simple post-traumatic stress disorder. The individual presents with one apparently normal part of the personality (ANP) and one emotional part of the personality (EP) (after Nijenhuis et al, Reference Nijenhuis, van der Hart and Steele2001).

FIG 2 Secondary structural dissociation, for example in complex post-traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, disorder of extreme stress not otherwise specified (DESNOS) and dissociative disorder not otherwise specified (DDNOS). The individual presents with one apparently normal part of the personality (ANP) and several emotional parts of the personality (EPs) (after Nijenhuis et al, Reference Nijenhuis, van der Hart and Steele2001).

FIG 3 Tertiary structural dissociation, for example in dissociative identity disorder (DID). The individual presents with several apparently normal (ANPs) and several emotional parts of the personality (EPs) (after Nijenhuis et al, Reference Nijenhuis, van der Hart and Steele2001).